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Refraction of Light

Class 10 Science - Chapter 6 Important Questions

🌈 Refraction | Dispersion | Refractive Index | Prism

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Refraction Fact: The refractive index of a medium determines how much light bends when entering it. Diamond has a high refractive index (2.42), which is why it sparkles with brilliant colors!
📘 Subject: Science Part 1
📗 Chapter 6: Refraction of Light
🎓 Class: 10 (Maharashtra Board)
✅ Status: Original & Copyright-Free
Very Short Answer Questions
1–2 Marks Each
  1. What is refraction of light?
    Basic Definition
  2. Why does refraction occur?
    Cause of Refraction
  3. What is meant by optical density?
    Optical Property
  4. Define refractive index.
    Key Definition
  5. Write the formula for refractive index.
    Formula
    n = c/v or n = sin i / sin r
  6. What happens to the speed of light in a denser medium?
    Speed Variation
  7. What is a normal in refraction?
    Reference Line
  8. What is lateral displacement?
    Refraction Effect
  9. What is dispersion of light?
    Dispersion Concept
  10. Which colour of light deviates the most in a prism?
    Color Dispersion
Short Answer Questions
3–4 Marks Each
  1. State and explain the laws of refraction.
    Fundamental Laws
  2. Explain refraction of light through a rectangular glass slab.
    Refraction Example
    Glass Slab Diagram: Incident Ray → Refraction → Emergent Ray (parallel)
  3. What is refractive index? Explain its significance.
    Refractive Index Importance
  4. Explain lateral displacement and the factors affecting it.
    Lateral Displacement
  5. Distinguish between real depth and apparent depth.
    Depth Comparison
  6. Explain refraction of light through a prism.
    Prism Refraction
    Prism Diagram: White Light → Dispersion → Spectrum
  7. What is dispersion of light? Explain with an example.
    Dispersion Concept
  8. Why does a pencil appear bent when dipped in water?
    Real-life Example
  9. Explain the relation between refractive index and speed of light.
    Mathematical Relation
    n = Speed of light in vacuum / Speed of light in medium
  10. Why does light bend towards the normal when it enters a denser medium?
    Refraction Direction
Long Answer Questions
5 Marks Each
  1. Explain refraction of light with the help of a ray diagram.
    Detailed Explanation with Diagram
  2. Describe refraction through a rectangular glass slab with neat diagram.
    Glass Slab Refraction
    Diagram showing: Incident ray, Refracted ray, Emergent ray, Normal, Angles
  3. Explain dispersion of light through a prism in detail.
    Dispersion Process
  4. Explain apparent depth with a suitable diagram.
    Apparent Depth Concept
  5. Write a detailed note on refractive index and its applications.
    Refractive Index Applications
Numerical / Application-Based Questions
Problem Solving
  1. Calculate the refractive index of a medium if the speed of light in it is given.
    Refractive Index Calculation
    n = c / v (where c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s)
  2. Find the speed of light in a medium when its refractive index is known.
    Speed Calculation
    v = c / n
  3. Compare two media on the basis of their refractive indices.
    Comparative Analysis
  4. Identify the correct formula to solve numerical problems on refraction.
    Formula Identification
  5. Solve simple problems related to refractive index and speed of light.
    Problem Solving
Reasoning-Based Questions
Conceptual Understanding
  1. Why does a ray of light bend when it travels from air to glass?
    Refraction Reasoning
  2. Why is the emergent ray parallel to the incident ray in a glass slab?
    Parallel Ray Reasoning
  3. Why does violet light deviate more than red light in a prism?
    Dispersion Reasoning
  4. Why does the bottom of a tank appear raised when filled with water?
    Apparent Depth Reasoning
  5. Why does refraction not occur when light falls normally on a surface?
    Normal Incidence Reasoning