⚗️

Carbon and its Compounds

Class 10 Science - Chapter 9 Important Questions

⚗️ Hydrocarbons | Functional Groups | Organic Reactions | Applications
C Carbon
H Hydrogen
O Oxygen
Functional Groups

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Carbon Fact: Carbon can form more compounds than any other element due to its unique properties of catenation (forming chains) and tetravalency (forming four bonds). Over 10 million carbon compounds are known!
-OH (Alcohol)
-CHO (Aldehyde)
-COOH (Carboxylic Acid)
-CO- (Ketone)
-NH₂ (Amine)
-COOR (Ester)
📘 Subject: Science Part 1
📗 Chapter 9: Carbon and its Compounds
🎓 Class: 10 (Maharashtra Board)
✅ Status: Original & Copyright-Free
Very Short Answer Questions
1–2 Marks Each
  1. Why is carbon able to form a large number of compounds?
    Carbon's Unique Property
  2. Define catenation.
    Carbon Property
  3. What is tetravalency?
    Carbon Property
  4. What are hydrocarbons?
    Basic Definition
  5. Name the functional group present in alcohols.
    Functional Group
    -OH (Hydroxyl group)
  6. Write the general formula of alkanes.
    General Formula
    CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
  7. What is an ester?
    Organic Compound
  8. Give one example of a carboxylic acid.
    Example
    CH₃COOH (Ethanoic acid)
  9. What is combustion?
    Chemical Reaction
  10. What is saponification?
    Chemical Reaction
Short Answer Questions
3–4 Marks Each
  1. Explain the unique properties of carbon.
    Carbon Properties
    Catenation | Tetravalency | Multiple Bond Formation
  2. Classify hydrocarbons with examples.
    Hydrocarbon Classification
    Type Formula Example
    Alkanes CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ CH₄ (Methane)
    Alkenes CₙH₂ₙ C₂H₄ (Ethene)
    Alkynes CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ C₂H₂ (Ethyne)
  3. What are functional groups? Explain any two.
    Functional Groups Explanation
  4. Explain the oxidation reaction of alcohol with an example.
    Chemical Reaction
    CH₃CH₂OH + [O] → CH₃COOH (Ethanol to Ethanoic acid)
  5. Describe the substitution reaction in alkanes.
    Chemical Reaction
    CH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl (in sunlight)
  6. Explain addition reaction with a suitable example.
    Chemical Reaction
    CH₂=CH₂ + H₂ → CH₃-CH₃ (Ethene to Ethane)
  7. Differentiate between alkanes and alkenes.
    Comparison
  8. Write the preparation and one use of ethanol.
    Preparation & Uses
  9. Write the preparation and one use of ethanoic acid.
    Preparation & Uses
  10. Explain the process of saponification.
    Chemical Process
    Fat/Oil + NaOH → Soap + Glycerol
Long Answer Questions
5 Marks Each
  1. Explain the properties of carbon that lead to the formation of a large number of compounds.
    Carbon's Unique Properties
    Tetravalency → Catenation → Multiple Bonding → Isomerism
  2. Describe the different types of hydrocarbons with examples.
    Hydrocarbon Classification
  3. Explain the chemical properties of carbon compounds.
    Chemical Properties
  4. Explain the preparation, properties, and uses of ethanol.
    Ethanol Study
  5. Explain soaps and detergents and their cleansing action.
    Cleansing Agents
Reasoning / Application-Based Questions
Conceptual Understanding
  1. Why do carbon compounds form covalent bonds?
    Bonding Reasoning
  2. Why is ethanol considered a clean fuel?
    Fuel Properties Reasoning
  3. Why are unsaturated hydrocarbons more reactive than saturated ones?
    Reactivity Reasoning
  4. Why do soaps not work well in hard water?
    Cleansing Action Reasoning
  5. Why are esters used in perfumes and flavoring agents?
    Application Reasoning